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In every cell in the human body there is a nucleus, where genetic material is stored in genes. Genes carry the codes responsible for all of our inherited traits and are grouped along rod-like structures called chromosomes. Typically, the nucleus  of each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of which are inherited from each parent. Down syndrome occurs an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome; a few of the common physical traits of Down syndrome are low muscle tone, smal stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm -although each person with Down syndrome is an unique individual and may possess these characteristics to different degrees, or not at all. Furthermore, there are three types of Down syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation and mosaicism.

On the other hand, one in every 691 in the USA is born with Down syndrome, making it the most common genetic condition. Approximately 400.000 americans have Down syndrome and about 6.000 babies with Down syndrome are born in the USA each year.

 

But can these kids learn a second language (English in this case)?

The answer is yes. The evidence from individual cases and from some studies indicate that children with Down syndrome can become bi-lingual and they seem to be doing so in the same way and as typically developing children of the same mental age and first language level. There is no evidence that learning two languages has any negative effects on the children's first language. The children with Down syndrome show difficulties in developing grammar in both languages, even if one language that theya re exposed to is a full sign language such as BSL. Also, in an important study conclude that parents should not speak only one language to babies with Down syndrome -the advice that is usually given to parents at the present time.

 

So, if we are motivated as teachers we can teach ESL to these students (always with their family's help). It could be a little bit difficult, but don't quit! The results would be amazing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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